Notes

(C) 2004 Taylor & Francis, whose permission to mount this version for private study and research is acknowledged. The repository version is the author's final draft.

References

Avtar Brah (1996) Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting identities, Routledge, London, p. 16. 2. Paul Gilroy (1993) The Black Atlantic: Modernity and double consciousness, Verso, London. See also Kadiatu Kanneh’s (1998) critical account of Gilroy in her African Identities: Race, nation and culture, Routledge, London and New York, pp. 62–64. 3. See Doreen Massey, ‘Imagining globalization’, in Global Futures: Migration, environment, and globalization, eds Avtar Brah, Mary J. Hickman & Mairtin MacanGhaill, Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp. 27–44. 4. Francoise Lionnet (1995) Postcolonial Representations: Women, literature, identity, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, p. 2. 5. As Jon Mee (1998) ‘After midnight: the Indian novel in English of the 80s and 90s’, Postcolonial Studies, vol. 1, no. 1 (April), pp. 127–141, puts it, women writers strive to ‘have their say’ about who constitutes the nation. See in particular pp. 132 and 134. 6. Amit Chaudhuri (1999) ‘What the postcolonial Indian novel means to the west’, Times Literary Supplement, 3 September, pp. 5–6. On Indian writing as influenced by colonial and cosmopolitan ‘transactions’, see also Harish Trivedi (1993) Colonial Transactions: English literature and India, Manchester University Press, Manchester; Tabish Khair (2001) Babu Fictions: Alienation in contemporary Indian English novels, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 7. On Vera’s intertexts, see, for example, Ranka Primorac (2002) ‘Iron butterflies: notes on Yvonne Vera’s Butterfly Burning’ and Emmanuel Chiwome (2002) ‘A comparative analysis of Solomon Mutswairo and Yvonne Vera’, in Sign and Taboo: Perspectives on the poetic fiction of Yvonne Vera, eds Robert Muponde and Mandi Taruvinga, Weaver Press, Harare, pp. 108 and 179–190, respectively. 8. Fredric Jameson (1986) ‘Third World literature in an era of multinational capitalism’, Social Text, vol. 15, pp. 65–88. 9. Gillian Rose (1993) Feminism and Cultural Geography: The limits of geographical knowledge, Polity Press, Oxford. 10. Rosemary George (1996), in The Politics of Home: Postcolonial relocations and twentieth-century fiction, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, explores the African Identities (gamma) AFI48437.3d 9/9/04 17:45:57 Rev 7.51n/W (Jan 20 2003) The Charlesworth Group, Huddersfield 01484 517077 186 ELLEKE BOEHMER re-siting of the concept of home, and indeed of critical theories themselves as sites for reconceptualising home. Following Chandra Mohanty’s injunction to relocate concepts of the self and belonging away from the west, George offers home, in the lower case as, in her terms, a flexible, inclusive, diversified alternative to capitalised ‘Home’, that is to say, identity conceived in a western, national framework. 11. Yvonne Vera (1994) Without a Name, Baobab, Harare, pp. 30–33. Page references will henceforth be cited in the text along with the abbreviation WN. See Robert Muponde (2002) ‘The sight of the dead body: dystopia as resistance in Without a Name’, in Sign and Taboo, eds R. Muponde & M. Taruvinga, Weaver Press, Harare, in particular pp. 122–126. 12. The point is made by Terence Ranger (2002) in his essay on the figuration of history in the novel: ‘‘‘History has its ceiling’’: the pressures of the past in The Stone Virgins’, in Sign and Taboo, eds R. Muponde & M. Taruvinga, Weaver Press, Harare, pp. 203–216. 13. See Meg Samuelson (2002) ‘Remembering the body: Rape and recovery’, in Sign and Taboo, eds R. Muponde & M. Taruvinga, Weaver Press, Harare, pp. 93–100. 14. See Jane Bryce, ‘Interview with Yvonne Vera, 1 August 2000’, in Sign and Taboo, eds R. Muponde & M. Taruvinga, Weaver Press, Harare, p. 223. 15. See, for example, Michael Gorra (1997) After Empire: Scott, Naipaul, Rushdie, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 16. Yvonne Vera (2002) The Stone Virgins, Weaver Press, Harare, p. 14. Page references will henceforth be cited in the text along with the abbreviation SV. 17. See Terence Ranger, ‘History has its ceiling’, pp. 203–216. See also Josephine Nhongo-Simbanegavi (2000) For Better or Worse? Women and ZANLA in Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle, Weaver, Harare. 18. On Vera’s citation of Kundera, see Samuelson, ‘Re-membering the body’, p. 94. 19. For a comparable representation of women combatants, see Under the Tongue (1996), Baobab, Harare, p. 101. 20. Jean-Francois Lyotard (1983) The Post-modern Condition, trans. Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi, Manchester University Press, Manchester. 21. See Avadesh Kumar Singh (2001) ‘Self or motherhood: is that the question?’ in Indian Feminisms, eds Jasbir Jain & Avadesh Kumar Singh, Creative Books, New Delhi, pp. 118–132. In the same collection, Mohini Khot (2001) ‘The feminist voice in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things’, pp. 213–222, points out that against the backdrop of closely knit matrilineal networks in Kerala, Roy represents women starkly as isolated monads. 22. Arundhati Roy (1998) The God of Small Things, Flamingo, London, pp. 19, 197. Page references will henceforth be cited in the text along with the abbreviation GST. 23. As Chaudhuri, ‘What the postcolonial novel means’, pp. 14–15, says, Indian writers, especially perhaps writers in the vernacular or bhasha, ‘do not necessarily write about ‘‘India’’ or a national narrative … but about cultures and localities that are both situated in, and disperse the idea of, the nation’. 24. See Tabish Khair, Babu Fictions, pp. 142–143. 25. Graham Huggan (2001) The Postcolonial Exotic, Routledge, London and New York, p. 77; Aijaz Ahmad (1997) ‘Reading Arundhati Roy politically’, Frontline, 9 August, pp. 103–108. 26. In interview Roy has elucidated that the ‘Heart of Darkness’ reference, even while something of a ‘laughing’ throwaway, draws attention to the stories of those who live in darkness, who are meant to have no stories. See Praveen Swami (1997) ‘When you have written a book you lay your weapons down’, interview with Arundhati Roy, Frontline, vol. 9 (August), pp. 106–107. 27. See Alex Tickell (2003) ‘Arundhati Roy’s postcolonial cosmopolitanism’, Journal of Commonwealth Literature, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 76. African Identities (gamma) AFI48437.3d 9/9/04 17:45:57 Rev 7.51n/W (Jan 20 2003) The Charlesworth Group, Huddersfield 01484 517077 BESIDE THE WEST 187 28. Brinda Bose (1999) ‘In desire and in death: eroticism as politics in Arundhati Roy’, ARIEL, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 59–72. 29. Arundhati Roy (2002) The Algebra of Infinite Justice, Flamingo, London. Page references will be quoted in the text together with the abbreviation AIF. 30. As Nana Wilson-Tagoe (2002) ‘History, gender and the problem of representation’, in Sign and Taboo, eds R. Muponde & M. Taruvinga, Weaver Press, Harare, pp. 155–178, also emphasises, the individual’s experience of history is transformed in relation to changes in the collective’s sense of history, and vice versa. African