Notes

(C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd, whose permission to mount this version for private study and research is acknowledged.  The repository version is the author's final draft.

Keywords: Lateglacial Interstadial (GI-1), volcanic ash, tephrocorrelation, Penifiler Tephra, Borrobol Tephra, lake basin taphonomy

References

Birks, H.H., Gulliksen, S, Haflidason, H., Mangerud, J., Possnert, G., 1996. New
radiocarbon dates for the Vedde Ash and the Saksunarvatn Ash from Western
Norway. Quaternary Research 45, 119-127.

Björck, S., Walker, M.J.C., Cwynar, L.S., Johnsen, S., Knudsen, K-L., Lowe, J.J.,
Wohlfarth, B., INTIMATE Members. 1998. An event stratigraphy for the Last
Termination in the North Atlantic region based on the Greenland ice-core record:
a proposal by the INTIMATE group. Journal of Quaternary Science 13, 283-292.

Blockley, S.P.E., Lowe, J.J., Walker, J.J., Asioli, A., Trincardi, F., Coope, G.R.,
Donahue, R.E., Pollard, A.M., 2004. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon
chronologies: examples from the European Lateglacial. Journal of Quaternary
Science 19, 159-175.

Blockley, S.P.E., Pyne-O'Donnell, S.D.F., Lowe, J.J., Matthews, I.P., Stone, A.,
Pollard, A.M., Turney, C.S.M., Molyneux, E.G., 2005. A new and less destructive
laboratory procedure for the physical separation of distal glass tephra shards from
sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 1952-1960.

Bourdon, B., Zindler, A., Wörner, G., 1994. Evolution of the Laacher See magma
chamber: Evidence from SIMS and TIMS measurements of U-Th disequilibria in
minerals and glasses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126, 75-90.

Brooks, S.J., Birks, H.J.B., 2000. Chironomid-inferred late-glacial air temperatures at
Whitrig Bog, south-east Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 15, 759-764.

Brooks, S.J., Lowe, J.J., Mayle, F.E., 1997. The Late Devensian Lateglacial
palaeoenvironmental record from Whitrig Bog, SE Scotland. 2. Chironomidae
(Insecta: Diptera). Boreas 26, 297-308.

Cooper R., 1999. Lithostratigraphy and tephrochronology of sediments spanning the
time interval of the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition at Muir Park Reservoir,
Scotland and Sluggan Moss, Northern Ireland. Unpublished BSc Thesis,
University of London.

Corgne, A., Wood, B.J., 2004. Trace element partitioning between majoritic garnet
and silicate melt at 25 GPa. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 143-144,
407-419.

Dadswell, L.F., 2002. Investigating the presence of microtephra in the Lateglacial
sequence at Druim Loch, Isle of Skye, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Unpublished BSc
Thesis, University of London.

Davies, S.M., 2002. Extending the known distributions of micro-tephra layers of last
glacial-interglacial transition age in Europe. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University
of London.

Davies, S.M., Branch, N.P., Lowe, J.J., Turney, C.S.M., 2002. Towards a European
tephrochronological framework for Termination 1 and the Early Holocene.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A 360, 767-802.

Davies, S.M., Turney, C.S.M., Lowe, J.J., 2001. Identification and significance of a
visible, basalt-rich Vedde Ash layer in a Late-glacial sequence on the Isle of Skye,
Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 16, 99-104.

Davies, S.M., Wastegård, S., Wolfarth, B., 2003. Extending the limits of the Borrobol
Tephra to Scandinavia and detection of new early Holocene tephras. Quaternary
Research 59, 345-352.

Davies, S.M., Wohlfarth, B., Wastegård, S., Andersson, M., Blockley, S.P.E.,
Possnert, G., 2004. Were there two Borrobol Tephras during the early Lateglacial
period: implications for tephrochronology? Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 581-
589.

Dugmore, A.J., 1989. Icelandic volcanic ash in Scotland. Scottish Geographical
Magazine 105, 168-172.

Edwards, K.J., Langdon, P.G., Sugden, H., 2007. Separating climatic and possible
human impacts in the early Holocene: biotic response around the time of the 8200
cal. yr BP event. Journal of Quaternary Science 22, 77-84.

Froggatt, P.C., Gosson, G.J., 1982. Techniques for the preparation of tephra samples
for mineral and chemical analysis and radiometric dating. Victoria, University of
Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.

Haflidason, H., Eiríksson, J., Van Kreveld, S., 2000. The tephrochronology of Iceland
and the North Atlantic region during the Middle and Late Quaternary: a review.
Journal of Quaternary Science 15, 3-22.

Hunt, J.B., Hill, P.G., 1993. Tephra geochemistry: a discussion of some persistent
analytical problems. The Holocene 3, 271-278.

Hunt, J.B., Hill, P.G., 1996. An interlaboratory comparison of the electron probe
microanalysis of glass geochemistry. Quaternary International 35/36, 229-241.
Hunt, J.B., Hill, P.G., 2001. Tephrological implications of beam size - sample-size
effects in electron microprobe analysis of glass shards. Journal of Quaternary
Science 16, 105-117.

Larsen G., Dugmore, A.J., Newton, A.J., 1999. Geochemistry of historical-age silicic
tephras in Iceland. The Holocene 9, 463-471.

Lowe, J.J., 2001. Abrupt climatic changes in Europe during the last glacialinterglacial
transition: the potential for testing hypotheses on the synchroneity of
climatic events using tephrochronology. Global and Planetary Change 30, 73-84.

Lowe, J.J., Birks, H.H., Brooks, S.J., Coope, G.R., Harkness, D.D., Mayle, F.E.,
Sheldrick, C., Turney, C.S.M., Walker, M.J.C., 1999. The chronology of
palaeoenvironmental changes during the Last Glacial-Holocene transition:
towards an event stratigraphy for the British Isles. Journal of the Geological
Society 156, 397-410.

Lowe, J.J., Walker, M.J.C., 1986. Lateglacial and early Flandrian environmental
history of the Isle of Mull, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Transactions of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 77, 1-20.

Mackie, E., Davies, S.M., Turney, C.S.M., Dobbyn, K., Lowe, J.J., 2002. The use of
magnetic separation techniques to detect basaltic microtephra in glacialinterglacial
transition (LGIT; 15-10 ka cal. BP) sediment sequences in Scotland.
Scottish Journal of Geology 38, 21-30.

Mangerud, J., Lie, S.E., Furnes, H., Kristiansen, I.L., Lømo, L., 1984. A Younger
Dryas ash bed in western Norway, and its possible correlations with tephra in
cores from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic. Quaternary Research 21,
85-104.

Mayle, F.E., Lowe, J.J., Sheldrick, C., 1997. Late Devensian late glacial
palaeoenvironmental record from Whitrig Bog, SE Scotland. 1. Lithostratigraphy,
geochemistry and palaeobotany. Boreas 26, 279-295.

Mortensen, A.K., Bigler, M., Grönvold, K., Steffensen, J.P., Johnsen, S.J., 2005.
Volcanic ash layers from the Last Glacial Termination in the NGRIP ice core.
Journal of Quaternary Science 20, 209-219.

Official NGRIP web page. Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen.
http://www.gfy.ku.dk/~www-glac/ngrip/ [Last accessed 12 February 2007].
Pearce, N.J.G., Eastwood, W.J., Westgate, J.A., Perkins, W.T., 2002. Trace-element
composition of single glass shards in distal Minoan tephra from SW Turkey.
Journal of the Geological Society 159, 545-556.

Pearce, N.J.G., Eastwood, W.J., Westgate, J.A., Perkins, W.T., Preece, S.J., 2004. The
application of ICP-MS methods to tephrochronological problems. Applied
Geochemistry 19, 289-322.

Pyne-O'Donnell, S.D.F., 2004. The factors affecting the distribution and preservation
of microtephra particles in Lateglacial and early Holocene lake sediments.
Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of London.

Pyne-O'Donnell, S.D.F., in press. Three new distal tephras in sediments spanning the
Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition in Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science.
DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1066.

Ranner, P.H., Allen, J.R.M., Huntley, B., 2005. A new early Holocene cryptotephra
from northwest Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 20, 201-208.

Rasmussen, S.O., Andersen, K.K., Svensson, A.M., Steffensen, J.P., Vinther, B.M.,
Clausen, H.B., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Johnsen, S.J., Larsen, L.B., Dahl-
Jensen, D., Bigler, M., Röthlisberger, R., Fischer, H., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson,
M.E., Ruth, U., 2006. A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial
termination. Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 111, D06102,
doi:10.1029/2005JD006079, 2006.

Reimer, P.J., Baillie, M.G.L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J.W., Bertrand, C.,
Blackwell, P.G., Buck, C.E., Burr, G., Cutler, K.B., Damon, P.E., Edwards, R.L.,
Fairbanks, R.G., Friedrich, M., Guilderson, T.P., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B.,
McCormac, F.G., Manning, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Reimer, R.W., Remmele, S.,
Southon, J.R., Stuiver, M., Talamo, S., Taylor, F.W., van der Plicht, J.,
Weyhenmeyer, C.E., 2004. IntCal04 Terrestrial Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0-
26 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon 46, 1029-1058.

Roberts, D.O., 1999. The use of microtephra horizons as time-synchronous markers in
the Last Glacial-Holocene transition: a palaeoenvironmental study from the Isle of
Mull, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Unpublished MSc Thesis, University of London.
Roberts, S.J., 1997. The spatial extent and geochemical characteristics of Lateglacial
tephra deposits in Scotland and Northern England. Unpublished MSc Thesis,
University of London.

Rose, N.L., Golding, P.N.E., Battarbee, R.W., 1996. Selective concentration and
enumeration of selective shards from lake sediment cores. The Holocene 6, 243-
246.

Sweatman, T.R., Long, J.V.P., 1969. Quantitative electron microanalysis of rock
forming minerals. Journal of Petrology 7, 332-379.

Telford, R.J., Heegaard, E., Birks, H.J.B., 2004. All age-depth models are wrong: but
how badly? Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 1-5.

Turney, C.S.M., 1998a. Extraction of rhyolitic component of Vedde microtephra from
minerogenic lake sediments. Journal of Paleolimnology 19, 199-206.

Turney, C.S.M., 1998b. Isotope stratigraphy and tephrochronology of the last glacialinterglacial
transition (14-9 ka 14C BP) in the British Isles. Unpublished PhD
Thesis, University of London.

Turney, C.S.M., Harkness, D.D., Lowe, J.J., 1997. The use of microtephra horizons to
correlate Late-glacial lake sediment successions in Scotland. Journal of
Quaternary Science 12, 525-531.

Turney, C.S.M., Lowe, J.J., 2001. Tephrochronology. In: Last, W.M., Smol, J.P.
(Eds.), Tracking Environmental Changes in Lake Sediments. Volume 1: Basin
Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques. Kluwer Academic Publishers,
The Netherlands, pp. 451-471.

Turney, C.S.M., Lowe, J.J., Wastegård, S., Cooper, R., Roberts, S.J., 2001. The
development of a tephrochronological framework for the last glacial-Holocene
transition in NW Europe. In: Juvigné, E., Raynal, J.-P., (Eds.), Tephras:
Chronology and Archeology. Les dossiers de l'Archéo-Logis No. 1, Goudet, pp.
101-109.

Walker, M.J.C., Ballantyne, C.K., Lowe, J.J., Sutherland, D.G., 1988. A
reinterpretation of the Lateglacial environmental history of the Isle of Skye, Inner
Hebrides, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 3, 135-146.

Walker, M.J.C., Lowe, J.J., 1990. Reconstructing the environmental history of the last
glacial-interglacial transition: evidence from the Isle of Skye. Quaternary Science
Reviews 9, 15-49.

Williams, W., 1977. The Flandrian vegetational history of the Isle of Skye and Morar
Peninsular. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge.

Wohlfarth, B., Blaauw, M., Davies, S.M., Andersson, M., Wastegård, S., Hormes, A.,
Possnert, G., 2006. Constraining the age of Lateglacial and early Holocene pollen
zones and tephra horizons in southern Sweden with Bayesian probability methods.
Journal of Quaternary Science 21, 321-334.