M.J Lea (2003) Atoms to Quanta - Quantum Evaporation and Condensation. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 15 (27).
Full text access: Open
Light waves carry quantised energy and momentum. The analogous quantisation of sound waves in condensed matter into phonons, with quanta of energy and momentum is straightforward. A very direct confirmation of this quantisation comes from the quantum evaporation of helium atoms from the surface of superfluid helium by experimentally generated phonons, or other ballistic excitations in the liquid, in a one-to-one process of energy and momentum transfer from quanta to individual atoms.
This is a Published version This version's date is: 16/07/2003 This item is peer reviewed
https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/ddceb013-1b45-8b38-e59d-85ce98fe660e/1/
Deposited by () on 23-Dec-2009 in Royal Holloway Research Online.Last modified on 12-May-2010
Published as J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 V17-V20. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter copyright 2003 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Anderson, P.W., Phys.Lett., 29A (1969) 563. Balibar, S., Buechner, J., Castaing, B., Laroche, C. and Libchaber, A., Phys.Rev. B18 (1978) 3096. Brown, M and Wyatt, A.F.G., J.Phys. C: Condens. Matter, 2 (1990) 5025. Williams, C.D.H., J. Low Temp.Phys. 113 (1998) 11. Sokol, P., in Bose-Einstein Condensation, (eds. A.Griffin, D.W.Snoke and S.Stringari, CUP, 1995), p.51. Wyatt, A.F.G., Nature 391 (1998) 56. Brown, M. and Wyatt, A.F.G., J.Phys. C: Condens. Matter, (2003). Edwards, D.O., Ihas, G.G. and Tam, C.P., Phys.Rev B16 (1977) 3122. Dalfovo, F., Fracchetti, A., Lastri, A., Pitaevskii, and Stringari, S., Phys.Rev.Lett. 75 (1995) 2510; Guilleumas, M., Dalfovo, F., Oberosler, F., Pitaevskii, and Stringari, S., J. Low Temp.Phys. 110 (1998) 449; Sobnack, M.B., Matthias, J.R., Fung, J.C.H., Williams, C.D.H. and Inkson, J.C. Phys.Rev. B 65 (2002) 184521; Campbell, C.E., Krotscheck, E. and Saarela, M., Phys.Rev.Lett. 80 (1998) 2169. Adams, J.S., Kim, Y.H., Lanou, R.E., Maris, H.J. and Seidel, G.M., Nucl. Inst. Methods, A 444 (2000) 51; http://www.physics.brown.edu/research/cme/heron/ Williams, C.D.H. and Wyatt, A.F.G., preprint submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett. (2003). Setty, A.K., Halley, J.W. and Campbell, C.E., Phys.Rev.Lett. 79 (1997) 3930; Lidke, K.A., Williams, M.C., Wynveen, A., J. Low Temp.Phys., 121 (2000). Warren, J.P. and Williams, C.D.H., Physica B 284 (2000) 160. Bradley, C.C. et al. Phys.Rev.Lett. 78 (1997) 985; Cornish, S.L., Claussen, N.R., Roberts, J.L.., Cornell, E.A. and Wieman C.E., Phys.Rev.Lett. 85 (2000) 1795; Donley, E.A., Claussen, N.R., Thompson, S.T. and Wieman, C.E., Nature 417 (2002) 529. Duine, R.A. and Stoof, H.T.C., cond-mat/0211514