Psychometric properties of two measures of psychological well-being in adult growth hormone deficiency

Clare Bradley, C V McMillan, J Gibney, D L Russel-Jones and P H Sonksen

(2006)

Clare Bradley, C V McMillan, J Gibney, D L Russel-Jones and P H Sonksen (2006) Psychometric properties of two measures of psychological well-being in adult growth hormone deficiency. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 4 (16).

Our Full Text Deposits

Full text access: Open

Full Text - 117.24 KB

Links to Copies of this Item Held Elsewhere


Abstract

Background: Psychometric properties of two measures of psychological well-being were evaluated for adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD): the General Well-being Index, (GWBI) – British version of the Psychological General Well-being Index, and the 12-item Well-being Questionnaire (W-BQ12).

Methods: Reliability, structure and other aspects of validity were investigated in a cross-sectional study of 157 adults with treated or untreated GHD, and sensitivity to change in a randomised placebo-controlled study of three months' growth hormone (GH) withdrawal from 12 of 21 GH-treated adults.

Results:Very high completion rates were evidence that both questionnaires were acceptable to respondents. Factor analyses did not indicate the existence of useful GWBI subscales, but confirmed the validity of calculating a GWBI Total score. However, very high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96, N = 152), probably indicated some item redundancy in the 22-item GWBI. On the other hand, factor analyses confirmed the validity of the three W-BQ12 subscales of Negative Well-being, Energy, and Positive Well-being, each having excellent internal reliability (alphas of 0.86, 0.86 and 0.88, respectively, N from 152 to 154). There was no sign of item redundancy in the highly acceptable Cronbach's alpha of 0.93 (N = 148) for the whole W-BQ12 scale. Whilst neither questionnaire found significant differences between GH-treated and non-GH-treated patients, there were correlations (for GH-treated patients) with duration of GH treatment for GWBI Total (r = -0.36, p = 0.001, N = 85), W-BQ12 Total (r = 0.35, p = 0.001, N = 88) and for all W-BQ12 subscales: thus the longer the duration of GH treatment (ranging from 0.5 to 10 years), the better the well-being. Both questionnaires found that men had significantly better overall well-being than women. The W-BQ12 was more sensitive to change than the GWBI in the GH-Withdrawal study. A significant between-group difference in change in W-BQ12 Energy scores was found [t(18) = 3.25, p = 0.004, 2-tailed]: patients withdrawn from GH had reduced energy at end-point. The GWBI found no significant change.

Conclusion: The W-BQ12 is recommended in preference to the GWBI to measure well-being in adult GHD: it is considerably shorter, has three useful subscales, and has greater sensitivity to change.

Information about this Version

This is a Published version
This version's date is: 22/03/2006
This item is not peer reviewed

Link to this Version

https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/3db2e0d2-304a-016a-7f53-977239eccb2a/1/

Item TypeJournal Article
TitlePsychometric properties of two measures of psychological well-being in adult growth hormone deficiency
AuthorsBradley, Clare
McMillan, C V
Gibney, J
Russell-Jones, D L
Sonksen, P H
Uncontrolled KeywordsQuality of Life, Growth Hormone Deficiency, General Well-being Index, Questionnaire
DepartmentsFaculty of Science\Psychology

Identifiers

doi10.1186/1477-7525-4-16

Deposited by () on 23-Dec-2009 in Royal Holloway Research Online.Last modified on 12-May-2010

References

1. Carroll PV, Christ ER, Growth Hormone Research Society Scientific Committee : Growth hormone deficiency in adulthood and the effects of growth hormone replacement: a review.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998, 83(2):382-395.


2. Hunt SM, McKenna SP, Doward LC: Preliminary Report on the development of a disease-specific instrument for assessing quality-of-life of adults with growth hormone deficiency.
Acta Endocrinol 1993, 128:37-40



3. Wallymahmed ME, Baker GA, Humphris G, Dewey M, MacFarlane IA: The development, reliability and validity of a disease specific quality of life model for adults with growth hormone deficiency.
Clin Endocrinol 1996, 44(4):403-411.


4. Powrie J, Weissberger A, Sönksen P: Growth hormone replacement therapy for growth hormone-deficient adults.
Drugs 1995, 49(5):656-663.


5. McMillan CV, Bradley C, Gibney J, Russell-Jones DL, Sönksen PH: Preliminary development of the new individualised HDQoL questionnaire measuring quality of life in adults hypopituitarism.
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, in press.



6. McKenna SP, Doward LC, Alonso J, Kohlmann T, Niero M, Prieto L, Wiren L: The QoL-AGHDA: An instrument for the assessment of quality of life in adults with growth hormone deficiency.
Qual Life Res 1999, 8(4):373-383.


7. Bradley C: Importance of differentiating health status from quality of life.
Lancet 2001, 357(9249):7-8.



8. Dupuy HJ: The Psychological General Well-being Index (PGWB).
In Assessment of Quality of Life in Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Therapies. Edited by: Wenger NK, Mattson ME, Furburg CD, Elinson J. New York , Le Jacq Publishing Inc; 1984.



9. Whitehead HM, Boreham C, McIlrath EM, Sheridan B, Kennedy L, Atkinson AB, Hadden DR: Growth-hormone treatment of adults with growth-hormone deficiency - Results of a 13-month placebo controlled cross-over study.
Clin Endocrinol 1992, 36(1):45-52.



10. Burman P, Broman JE, Hetta J, Wiklund I, Erfurth EM, Hagg E, Karlsson FA: Quality-of-Life in adults with Growth-Hormone (GH) Deficiency - Response to treatment with recombinant human GH in a placebo-controlled 21-month trial.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995, 80(12):3585-3590.


11. Baum HBA, Katznelson L, Sherman JC, Biller BMK, Hayden DL, Schoenfeld DA, Cannistraro KE, Klibanski A: Effects of physiological growth hormone (GH) therapy on cognition and quality of life in patients with adult-onset GH deficiency.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83(9):3184-3189



12. McGauley G, Cuneo RC, Salomon F, Sönksen P: Psychosocial well being before and after growth hormone treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency.
Hormone Research 1990, 33:(Suppl. 4):52-54.



13. Mardh G, Lundin K, Borg G, Jonsson B, Lindeberg A: Growth hormone replacement therapy in adult hypopituitary patients with growth hormone deficiency: combined data from 12 European placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Endocrinology and Metabolism 1994, 1:(Suppl.A):43-49.



14. Carroll PV, Littlewood R, Weissberger AJ, Bogalho P, McGauley G, Sönksen PH, Russell-Jones DL: The effects of two doses of replacement growth hormone on the biochemical, body composition and psychological profiles of growth hormone-deficient adults.
European Journal of Endocrinology 1997, 137(2):146-153


15. Mukherjee A, Tolhurst-Cleaver S, Ryder WD, Smethurst L, Shalet SM: The characteristics of quality of life impairment in adult growth hormone (GH)-deficient survivors of cancer and their response to GH replacement therapy.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90(3):1542-1549.



16. Svensson J, Mattsson A, Rosen T, Wiren L, Johannsson G, Bengtsson BA, Koltowska Haggstrom M: Three-years of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults: effects on quality of life, patient-reported outcomes and healthcare consumption.
Growth Horm IGF Res 2004, 14(3):207-215.


17. Wiren L, Bengtsson BA, Johannsson G: Beneficial effects of long-term GH replacement therapy on quality of life in adults with GH deficiency.
Clin Endocrinol 1998, 48(5):613-620.


18. Gilchrist FJ, Murray RD, Shalet SM: The effect of long-term untreated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and 9 years of GH replacement on the quality of life (QoL) of GH-deficient adults.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002, 57(3):363-370.


19. Hunt SM, McKenna SP: A British adaptation of the General Well-being Index: a new tool for clinical research.
British Journal of Medical Economics 1992, 2:49-60.



20. McKenna SP, Hunt SM, Tennant A: Psychological Well-Being in Depressed-Patients.
Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 1993, 3(4):245-251.



21. Hopton JL, Hunt SM, Shiels C, Smith C: Measuring psychological well-being. The adapted general well- being index in a primary care setting: A test of validity.
Fam Pr 1995, 12(4):452-460.



22. Gaston JE, Vogl L: Psychometric properties of the general well-being index.
Qual Life Res 2005, 14(1):71-75


23. Bradley C: The Well-being Questionnaire.
In Handbook of Psychology and Diabetes: A Guide to Psychological Measurement in Diabetes Research and Practice. Edited by: Bradley C. Chur, Switzerland , Harwood Academic Publishers; 1994:89-109.



24. Bradley C, Lewis KS: Measures of psychological well-being and treatment satisfaction developed from the responses of people with tablet-treated diabetes.
Diabetic Med 1990, 7(5):445-451


25. Witthaus E, Stewart J, Bradley C: Treatment satisfaction and psychological well-being with insulin glargine compared with NPH in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
Diabetic Med 2001, 18(8):619-625


26. Pouwer F, Snoek FJ, Van Der Ploeg HM, Ader HJ, Heine RJ: The Well-being Questionnaire: evidence for a three-factor structure with 12 items (W-BQ12).
Psychol Med 2000, 30(2):455-462


27. Plowright R, Witthaus E, Bradley C: Evaluating the 12-item Well-being Questionnaire for use in multinational trials.
Quality of Life Research 1999, 8:650.



28. Riazi A, Ishii H, Barendse S, et al.: Well-being questionnaire (W-BQ): Translation and psychometric development of a short form (W-BQ12) in Japanese.
Proceedings of the British Psychological Society 1999, 7:34.



29. Mitchell J, Bradley C: Psychometric evaluation of the 12-item Well-being Questionnaire for use with people with macular disease.
Qual Life Res 2001, 10(5):465-473


30. Hunt SM, McEwen J, McKenna SP: Measuring Health-Status - a New Tool for Clinicians and Epidemiologists.
Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 1985, 35(273):185-188.


31. Ware JE, Sherbourne CD: The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). 1. Conceptual framework and item selection.
Med Care 1992, 30(6):473-483.



32. McMillan CV, Bradley C, Gibney J, Russell-Jones DL, Sönksen PH: Evaluation of two health status measures in adults with growth hormone deficiency.
Clinical Endocrinology 2003, 58:436-445


33. McMillan CV, Bradley C, Gibney J, Healy ML, Russell-Jones DL, Sönksen PH: Psychological effects of withdrawal of growth hormone therapy from adults with growth hormone deficiency.
Clinical Endocrinology 2003, 59(4):467-475



34. McMillan CV: A psychometric evaluation of measures of quality of life and related health outcomes in adults with growth hormone deficiency. (PhD Thesis).
In Psychology Department. London , Royal Holloway, University of London; 2001.



35. Tabachnik BG, Fidell LS: Using Multivariate Statistics.
1st edition. New York , Harper and Row; 1983.



36. Cronbach LJ: Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests.
Psychometrika 1951, 16:297-334



37. Todd C, Bradley C: Evaluating the design and development of psychological scales.
In Handbook of Psychology and Diabetes: A Guide to Psychological Measurement in Diabetes Research and Practice. Edited by: Bradley C. Chur, Switzerland , Harwood Academic Publishers; 1994.



38. Nunnally JC: Psychometric Theory.
New York , McGraw Hill; 1978.



39. Kline P: A Handbook of Test Construction.
London , Routledge; 1993.



40. Kline P: An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis.
London , Routledge; 1994.



41. Holm S: A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure.
Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 1979, 6:65-70.



42. Bech P: Methodological issues in individual quality of life assessment.
In Individual Quality of Life: Approaches to conceptualisation and assessment. Edited by: Joyce CR, O'Boyle CA, McGee H. Amsterdam , Harwood Academic Publishers; 1999.



43. Hunt SM, McKenna SP: The Nottingham Health Profile.
In European Guide to the Nottingham Health Profile. Edited by: Bucquet D. Montpellier, France , The European Group for Quality of Life and Health Measurement; 1989:1-75.



44. Brazier JE, Harper R, Jones NMB, Ocathain A, Thomas KJ, Usherwood T, Westlake L: Validating the SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire - new outcome measure for primary care.
BMJ 1992, 305(6846):160-164.


45. Stouthart PJ, Deijen JB, Roffel M, Delemarre-van de Waal HA: Quality of life of growth hormone (GH) deficient young adults during discontinuation and restart of GH therapy.
Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003, 28(5):612-626.



46. Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Rickels K, Uhlenhuth EH, Covi L: The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory.
Behav Sci 1974, 19(1):1-15.


Details