Justin Champion (2000) To govern is to make subjects believe’: anticlericalism, politics and power, c1680-1717’ In: Anticlericalism in Early Modern Britain. Stroud: Sutton, UK.
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See M. de Certeau âThe formality of practicesâ in The Writing of History (Columbia UP, 1988) 155. For their thoughts and reactions to this piece I would like to thank Margaret Jacob and Nicholas Tyacke. See âSome Memorials of the Reverend Mr Samuel Johnson; communicated in a Letter to a Friend, by one of his Intimate Acquaintanceâ in The Works of the Late Reverend Mr Samuel Johnson (Second Edition, London, 1713) iii-iv. See for a more recent account, M. Zook âEarly Whig Ideology, Ancient Constitutionalism, and the Reverend Samuel Johnsonâ Journal of British Studies 32 (1993) 139-165. See M. Goldie âThe Roots of True Whiggism 1688-94â History of Political Thought 1 (1980) 195-236, esp. 199. The Works of the Late Reverend Mr Samuel Johnson 151. Ibid viii. Ibid xi. See J. Wickham Legg âThe degradation in 1686 of the Rev. Samuel Johnsonâ EHR 29 (1914) 723-742, at 726. âSome Memorialsâ xi. See J. Wickham Legg âThe degradation in 1686 of the Rev. Samuel Johnsonâ EHR 29 (1914) for a transcription of the process of degradation, esp. 739-40. âSome Memorialsâ ix, xi; EHR (1914) 741-2. âSome Memorialsâ xii-xiii. âSome Memorialsâ ix-x. EHR (1914) 742 citing the opinion of the proctor-general of the Arches, Richard Newcourt. On Johnsonâs contributions see M. Goldie âThe Revolution of 1689 and the structure of Political Argument. An essay and an annotated Bibliography of pamphlets on the Allegiance controversyâ Bulletin of Research in the Humanities 83 (1980) 473-564. J.C.D. Clark English Society 1688-1832 (Cambridge, 1985) 302. See N. Sykes âBenjamin Hoadly, Bishop of Bangorâ in F.J.C. Hearnshaw (ed) The Social and Political Ideas of some English Thinkers of the Augustan Age (1928) 112-156, citing (at 120) Historical Manuscripts Commission Egmont Mss I 444. The best account is P.B. Hessert âThe Bangorian Controversyâ (Edinburgh University PhD, 1951). See also H. D. Rack â âChristâs Kingdom not of this Worldâ: the case of Benjamin Hoadly versus William Law reconsideredâ Studies in Church History 12 (1975) 275-91. Cited in Hessert âBangorian Controversyâ 68. (Works II 404). Synodolia II âA Representation of the Lower House of Convocation about the Bishop of Bangorâs sermon of the Kingdom of Christâ 829. Sykesâ Benjamin Hoadlyâ 143. See âThe Church in Dangerâ 1709 [reproduced in Holmes Sachaverell, from Magdalan College, Oxford]; âGuess att my Meaningâ 1709 [BMC 1503]; M.D. George English Political Caricature to 1792 (Oxford, 1959) points out that (at 68) a later print âThe Apparitionâ [BMC 1569] also represents a Low Church library with many of the same volumes. For an understanding of how even âorthodoxyâ was not a fixed point see J.G.A. Pocock âWithin the margins: definitions of orthodoxyâ in R. Lund (ed) The Margins of Orthodoxy (Cambridge, 1995). Cited in Clark English Society 147 fn 129. R. Nelson A Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of England (1798) Preface x. R. Nelson A Companion 481, 482-3, 487-90, 520-530. Nelson, cited by R. Cornwall (78) in Visible and Apostolic. The Constitution of the Church in High Church Anglican and Non-Juror Thought (Delaware, 1993). Cornwall passim. Nelson Visibile and Apostolic 483. See A.M.C. Waterman âThe nexus between theology and political doctrineâ in K. Haakonssen (ed) Enlightenment and Religion. Rational Dissent in Eighteenth century England (Cambridge, 1996) pp. 193-218, at p.205. A.G. Dickens âThe Shape of Anti-clericalism and the English Reformationâ 379. See C. Hill The Economic Problems of the Church (Oxford, 1956) See E.J. Evans âSome reasons for the growth of English Rural Anti-clericalism c.1750-c.1830â Past and Present 66 (1975) 84-109. See J. Morrill âThe attack on the Church of England in the Long Parliament, 1640-1642â 105-124. See J. Maclear âPopular anticlericalism in the Puritan Revolutionâ JHI 17 (1956) 443-470. See Morrill, 117-119; Maclear, 460. For a corrective see M.A. Goldie âPriestcraft and the birth of Whiggismâ in N. Phillison, Q. Skinner (eds.) Political Discourse in Early modern Britain (Cambridge, 1993) 209-231; and Champion Pillars of priestcraft shaken. See D. Beaver âReligion, politics and society in Early Modern England: a problem of classificationâ Journal of British Studies 32 (1993) 314-22. See in particular Walsh, Taylor, Heydon (eds) The Church of England pp. 8-10. See K. V. Thomas âCases of Conscience in seventeenth century Englandâ in J. Morrill, P. Slack, D. Woolf (eds) Public duty and private conscience in seventeenth century England (Oxford, 1993) pp. 29-56. See P. Harvey âThe problem of social-political obligation for the Church of England in the seventeenth centuryâ Church History 40 (1971) 156-169. See B.S. Stewart 'The Cult of the Royal Martyr' Church History 38 (1969) 175-187, and H.W. Randell 'The Rise and fall of a martyrology: Sermons on Charles I' HLQ 10 (1947) 135-167. Bennett Tory Crisis in Church and State, 140. M.A. Goldie âDanby, the Bishops and the Whigsâ in T. Harris et al (eds) The politics of religion in Restoration England (Blackwells, 1990); Professor Miller suggested this in a seminar communication of his reaserch on Norfolk in the 1670s in the Institute of Historical Research. Goldie âDanby, the Bishops and the Whigsâ 98. H. Care English Liberties 93 H. Care Weekly Pacquet of Advice from Rome III no.46 April 22nd (1681) 368. Poems on Affairs of State [hereafter as POAS] 2 An Historical Poem (1680) 157. POAS II 11, 347, 353, 370: POAS III 11, 19, 72, 95. See W. Speck Tory and Whig (1970) 24-9; W.Speck, W.A. Grey âComputer analysis of Poll Books: an initial reportâ BIHR 43 (1970) 105-112, and W. Speck, W.A. Grey, R. Hopkinson ââComputer analysis of Poll Books: a further reportâ BIHR 48 (1975) 68-79. M. Ransome âChurch and Dissent in the election of 1710â EHR 56 (1941) 76-89 at 80. J. Oldmixon The History of Addresses vol II (1711) [HOP transcripts] 143. Cited in G.A. Holmes Transcripts 396 [now in the possession of the History of Parliament] The Flying Post Nov. 2-4 (1710). Many thanks and acknowledgement to Dr Stuart Handley for allowing me access to this material. Holmes Transcripts 417 [HOP]. See P. Langford âConvocation and the Tory Clergy, 1717-61â in E. Cruikshanks, J. Black (ed) The Jacobite Challenge (Edinburgh, 1988) 107-122. See J.A.W. Gunn Beyond Liberty and Property. The process of self recognition in eighteenth century political thought (McGill, 1983) 140. See Bennett Tory Crisis 125-140. See R.Ashcraft, M.M. Goldsmith âLocke, Revolution Principles, and the formation of Whig Ideologyâ HJ 26 (1983) 773-800 at 776-77. Ellis The Medley 151. See H. Dickinson âThe eighteenth century debate on the âGlorious Revolutionâ History 61 (1976) 28-45 esp. 33-35. The Perils of False Brethren, both in Church and State (1709) 19-21. Trial 4, 24. Trial 32. Ibid 37-8. Ibid 61, 75. Ibid 99-100, 106, 110, 114. Ibid 119, 121, 125. Ibid 156, 161-173, 185-194, 206. Sachaverell, cited from (217-230) a series of heretical works. These were later published seperately, to the disgust of Whig MPs who ordered the volume burnt. Ibid 215, 223. Ibid 243-46. Ibid 251, 257. Ibid 114-115. Ibid 115. Ibid 116. Ibid 246. See W. Speckâs edition of F.F. Madanâs Bibliography of Sachaverell (1977) Ellis Examiner-Medley 28 Dec 1710 The Examiner No. 22 128 Ibid 156 Ellis 400; Ransome EHR 56 (1941) 80 On Sachaverellâs bibliographical collection, its publication and burning. Speck [237] Collection of Passages refered to by Dr Henry Sachaverell (1710); reprinted in A. Boyer The History of the Reign of Queen Anne (1710) Appendix 137-170. See POAS VII 440, The Merciful Judgements of High Church Triumphant on Offending Clergymen and Others, in the reign of Charles I. (1710). The writings of these high church precursors of Sachaverell were also republished with commentaries, see Speck Bibliography of Sachaverell. For a full bibliographical description see G. Carabelli Tolandiana (Florence, 1977) 151-2 Interestingly the title page of the second edition also included a scriptural citation from James 3. 5-6, âBehold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth! The Tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity, which setteth on fire the Course of Nature, and is set on fire of Hellâ. So for example he inserted material about the mob attack on Burgesâ Chapel, and similar riotous behaviour in Wolverhampton and Barnstaple 95-6, 104-6. See 305 on âblasphemous booksâ. Mr Tolandâs Reflections 9, 11, 12. Jacobitism, Perjury and Popery 3, 4-6, 8-10, 11, 13, 14, 15. Mr Tolandâs Reflections 13. An Appeal to Honest People 2, 4-5, 11, 14, 36-7, 38, 42-7, 56, 57. For an early essay exploring the diversity and sophistication of party propaganda see, W. Speck âPolitical propaganda in Augustan Englandâ TRHS (1972) 17-32 A. Maynwaring Four Letters to a Friend in North Britain Upon the Publishing the Tryal of Dr Sachaverell (1710) 6-8, 9-10, 11, 18. See Collection of Addresses (1710) Preface. See HOP transcript, noting that the Northants, Exeter, and Abingdon addresses used Sachaverell style arguments. Speck Bibliography [1112] See J.A. Guy âThe Henrician Ageâ in J.A.G. Pocock (ed) The varieties of British political thought, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1993) 13-46.