The Qur’anic model of religious pluralism: its relevance for Muslim-Jewish relations today

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to promote better understanding between Muslims and the adherents of other religious traditions, in particular Jews, by discussing some ecumenical aspects of Islam that have not been well explained, or even understood, by many Muslims. It is thus addressed as much to Muslims as to Jews. I begin by distinguishing between true religion, which promotes peace, and militant religious exclusivism, which tends to be violent and divisive. I mention the growth of Islamophobia, which has many parallels with anti-Semitism. I give a brief account of the Jewish character of Medinan society and the scriptural inheritance shared by Jews and Muslims, concentrating on the story of Abraham; I mention some of the theological beliefs and ritual practises shared by Jews and Muslims; I suggest that the “Constitution of Medina” presupposes a concept of social and religious pluralism; I then explain the Qur’anic model of religious pluralism and the inter-faith principles that can be deduced from the Qur’an.