Lea, M.J. (2003) Atoms to Quanta - Quantum Evaporation and Condensation. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 15 (27).
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Light waves carry quantised energy and momentum. The analogous quantisation of sound waves in condensed matter into phonons, with quanta of energy and momentum is straightforward. A very direct confirmation of this quantisation comes from the quantum evaporation of helium atoms from the surface of superfluid helium by experimentally generated phonons, or other ballistic excitations in the liquid, in a one-to-one process of energy and momentum transfer from quanta to individual atoms.
This is a Submitted version This version's date is: 16/7/2003 This item is not peer reviewed
https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/ddceb013-1b45-8b38-e59d-85ce98fe660e/2/
Deposited by Research Information System (atira) on 24-May-2012 in Royal Holloway Research Online.Last modified on 24-May-2012
Published as J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 V17-V20. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter copyright 2003 IOP Publishing Ltd.